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TOWN OF PALMER COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FFY07
Summary of Planning Documents
Palmer Water District Master Plan (PWDMP): Prepared by Tighe & Bond and adopted by the Palmer Water District in 1989 analyzes: water system demands, water supply sources, the distribution system, and the impacts on water rates. The plan also provides a series of recommended improvements to existing reservoirs, wells, and distribution system. Distribution system improvements include: installing a high pressure system to E. Palmer Park Dr; clean and cement all 12” and 16” mains; replace the mains on Park, Pine St. neighborhood, Cherry, Allen, Bridge, Water, High, School, Shaw, Rte 20, Blanchard, Wing Hospital and Thorndike; clean and cement 8” mains; include all 6” – 8” diameter mains in a systematic program of pipe replacement;
install a pressure reducing valve at Squire, and Thorndike; interconnect existing main on Rt. 20 with Cherry, and Route 20 with Blanchard; abandon existing main between Fenton and Allen; complete loop on Breckenridge and Ware.
Community Action Statement (CAS): This plan adopted in 1996 evaluates all aspects of the community, inventories community needs, identifies contributing factors to the needs, and recommends ways to address the needs. Administration identified needs: create a Capital Improvement Plan; increase net working and training opportunities for town employees; and improve the Town Building. Finance identified needs: hire additional personnel; and find additional sources of revenue. Economic Development identified needs: hire a part time director for the PRA; develop/implement revitalization plans for all downtown areas; develop/implement an industrial/manufacturing/business revitalization plan; and develop/implement a shade tree/town beautification program, develop hotel convention facility,
improve housing opportunities. Housing identified need: provide a housing rehabilitation program; provide lead paint abatement programs; develop an affordable housing policy; and evaluate the benefit of housing within downtown areas. Human Service identified needs: develop a human services council; develop a youth center; make improvements to Senior Center; hire a Social Service Coordinator and a Recreation Director; create youth and adult programs; create senior programs; and create a shelter for victims of domestic violence; develop programs to deal with spousal/family abuse. Land conservation identified needs: keep the OSRP current; develop an open space fund; develop a management plan for conservation areas; and develop hiking/biking trails. Park and Recreation identified needs: to construct a new facility for the park department; upgrade public playgrounds; and upgrade athletic fields,
develop/improve village center play areas, develop ball field in Bondsville. Planning identified needs: update the Master Plan; develop a farmland/open space preservation/acquisition program; and eliminate visual roadway pollution. Public Health identified needs: hire professional staff assistance for the Board of Health. Public Safety identified needs: establish a police commission; establish a service contract with the ambulance provider; construct a new police facility; enlarge the ambulance facility; purchase new vehicles; upgrade equipment; hire additional personnel; expand DARE program improve high hazard intersections, develop comprehensive plan for fighting fires in rural areas and develop new public safety/awareness programs. Public Works identified need: coordinate system improvements among the water districts; construct a new Highway garage; improve internal roads; repair and expand sidewalk
system; construct curb cuts; widen Route 32; replace/upgrade substandard sanitary sewer mains; extend sewer service to areas of failing septic tanks; develop a sewer avoidance plan; improve the water delivery system; develop alternative sources of water; develop and implement plan for protection of current and future water supplies; improve inter-system connections; develop a town wide trash pick up program; upgrade equipment and hire additional personnel.
Open Space and Recreation Plan (OSRP): This plan adopted in 1998, discusses the community setting, provides and environmental inventory and analysis, provides an inventory of lands of Conservation and Recreational Interest, sets community goals, and provides an analysis of needs. The goals identified include: (1) protect and develop further use of water resources, (2) protect open space, archaeological treasures, scenic views, endangered organisms and wildlife habitants, (3) preserve manage and promote the natural state of open space for conservation purpose, and (4) preservation of sensitive conservation areas and agricultural lands.
Pioneer Valley Regional Housing Plan: Eastern Sub Region(PVRHP): The PVRHP Eastern Sub Region Housing Plan 2002 was prepared by the PVPC and endorsed by the Selectmen on November 20, 2002. The plan discusses demographic indicators such as population change and economic status; housing indicators such as household sizes, housing tenure, structure types, and subsidized housing; development constraints such as protected land, slopes, rivers, wetlands, floodplains. The plan then summarizes municipal housing needs and identifies the following needs; upgrade of substandard housing, lead paint abatement, maintenance and modernization of public housing, providing homebuyer purchase assistance and education, development of new affordable housing, providing tax relief
for elderly, veterans, and low/moderate income owners, conducting a housing needs study, development of an affordable housing policy, development of housing in downtown areas, providing technical assistance for; zoning bylaw revision, donation of public land, municipal land acquisition. The plan also includes an implementation plan and identifies the following action steps: upgrade of substandard housing, lead paint abatement, maintenance and modernization of public housing, providing homebuyer purchase assistance and education, development of new affordable housing, providing tax relief for elderly, veterans, and low/moderate income owners, conducting a housing needs study, development of an affordable housing policy, development of housing in the downtown, obtaining technical assistance for: zoning bylaw revision, donation of public land, and municipal land acquisition An amendment to the plan discusses school capacity, water service, sewer
service, roads, growth in building permits, and an analysis of housing. The amendment states the following goals for Palmer: creation of thirteen units of affordable housing, rehabilitate up to five existing single-family housing units per year. To accomplish these goals the plan identifies the following action steps: working with developers to assure creation of units priced to meet the needs of citizens, cooperation with sub region towns and financing institutions to sponsor first-time homebuyer seminars, investigation of resources for technical assistance in areas such as zoning bylaws, homebuyer purchase assistance, housing programs, infrastructure development and upgrading, and greenways, seeking CDBG funds for housing rehabilitation, maintaining and modernizing public housing, providing tax relief for elderly-veterans-low/moderate income owners, conducting a housing needs study, development of an affordable
housing policy, and developing housing in the downtown.
Lower Pioneer Valley Prevention Group Community Assessment: The Lower Pioneer Valley Prevention Group brought members of the region together in April of 2002 to identify community assets, resources, institutions, and natural resources, resources available outside the community, individuals, media, and government. This group then looked at what was missing and compiled a list of needs which includes: improved transportation, increased employment, addressing tobacco use, home health care, homemaker program, adult day center, teen center, new mom programs, in-home mental health services for elders, assisted living, health programs, substance abuse programs, AA programs, grief support and counseling, obesity education, public safety complexes, and after
school programs.
E.O. 418 Vision Statement (EO418VS): This statement prepared by the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC) was the first step in the creation of the E.O. 418 Community Plan. In March of 2002 4,700 Palmer households received a survey which asked them what goals the town should focus on, what community features are important, what economic opportunities the town should pursue, and how adequate community services and facilities are. The respondents felt that the town should focus on the following during the next 10 years: (46%) improve municipal services, (55%) maintain a low tax rate, (49%) promote job growth, (41%) improve parks and recreation opportunities, (43%) protect natural resources, and (40%) provide a variety of housing. The respondents felt that
the following community features were most important: (54%) schools, (49%) small town atmosphere, (47%) neighborhoods, (40%) business tax base, (40%) forests, (44%) town centers, (42%) historic buildings, (41%) neighbors and friends, (40%) proximity to shopping, (42%) recreational opportunities. In other areas 37% of respondents favored development of a large, multi-use community park if outside financial resources were used and 31% favored the development regardless of funding, 67% of respondents favor rail passenger service, 67% favor construction of bike/walking trails. In terms of housing 51% of respondents want to see assisted living opportunities, 42% want to see affordable housing options, 60% favor development of elderly housing, 29% favor lead paint removal assistance programs, 43% favor Title 5 mandate financial assistance, and 41% favor rehabilitation grants. The survey also asked respondents
to rate the adequacy of community services and facilities. The following responses were received: (43%) felt that road maintenance needed improvement, (33%) felt that sidewalks needed improvement, (37%) felt that street lights were adequate, (40%) felt police protection was good, (32%) felt that traffic and speed controls were good, (30%) felt that health services were good or adequate, (31%) felt snow removal was good, (41%) felt youth activities needed improvement, (39%) felt recreational programs needed improvement, and (41%) felt that recreational facilities needed improvement.
E.O. 418 Community Plan(Comm. Plan): This plan was prepared by the PVPC. The PVPC looked at open space and resource protection, housing, economic development, and transportation. The Open Space and Resource protection component of the plan discusses growth and development patterns, environmental problems, open space and recreation goals. The section concludes with a list of goals and objectives which include: (1) protecting and developing further use of water resources by protecting wetlands, expanding existing recreational opportunities, protecting groundwater, protecting floodplains; (2) protecting open space, archaeological treasures, scenic views, endangered species, and wildlife habitats by promoting awareness, protecting significant historical and cultural values, develop open
space with recreational opportunities, and preserving areas suitable for conservation; (3) preserving, managing and promoting open space for conservation purposes by developing multi-use trails, encouraging passive recreation, developing a timber management plan; and (4) preserving sensitive conservation and agricultural lands by acquisition and protection. To accomplish these goals the plan suggests that Palmer: (1) adopt cluster zoning regulations, (2) adopt the Community Preservation Act, (3) enact ridgeline and hillside protection bylaw, (4) adopt transfer of development rights, (5) maintain King’s Brook Corridor, (6) continue to plan for and develop trails and parks. The housing component of the plan analyzes: housing supply inventory; public housing; first-time homebuyer programs; homelessness problem; the Chapter 40B goal; current housing costs; substandard housing; and housing demand. The plan identifies Palmer’s housing goal as providing
affordable housing options for all residents. To accomplish this goal the plan recommends adopting a conversion bylaw and an affordable housing zoning bylaw, creating affordable housing on town-owned land, updating cluster zoning regulations, exploring co-housing, converting vacant mills or unused buildings into multi-family housing, financing of affordable housing, adopting a phased growth bylaw, funding housing rehabilitation programs, allowing planned unit development, protecting ridgelines and hillsides, creating a transfer of development rights program, and funding a rental rehab program. The economic development component of the plan analyzes: economic trends and provides a statistical profile; recent business growth trends; workforce development programs, workforce characteristics; economic development opportunities; Palmer’s railroad heritage as an economic development opportunity; Palmer’s Economic Opportunity Areas,
and summarizes a business survey. The plan identified these six imperatives to economic development: (1) improve the business climate, (2) support entrepreneurship and innovation, (3) prepare the workforce of the 21st century, (4) build the information infrastructure of the 21st century, (5) ensure that economic growth is compatible with the community and the environment, and (6) improve the outcomes of government action. The plan provides the following strategies to guide Palmer’s future economic development: (1) explore Route 32 commercial corridor, (2) capitalize on railroad history, (3) develop turnpike sites, (4) implement design review/architectural overlay, (5) pursue strategies for infill development, (6) adaptively re-use older buildings, (7) initiate Brownfield redevelopment programs, (8) upgrade sewer and water service. (9) create a Route 20 overlay district, (10) insure smooth
transition in government structure, (11) hire a part-time economic development coordinator, (12) improve cell phone coverage and high speed internet access, (13) create a park, (14) design a transfer of development rights program, (15) explore regional commercial and industrial property tax sharing, and (16) collaborate with Western Mass EDC to develop a comprehensive economic development plan. The transportation component of the plan analyzes: existing transportation conditions; existing pavement condition; crash experience; existing transit, bicycle suitability; and future build out. The plan includes the following short term recommendations: (1) improve pavement markings, (2) monitor traffic volumes, (3) upgrade sidewalks, (4) perform traffic study of Route 32, (5) prepare a corridor study for Route 20, (6) consider converting High Street to one-way, (7) monitor crash data, (8) study the market potential of the existing railroad infrastructure,
(9) identify future park and ride lots, (10) develop a multi-use trail along the Ware River, and (11) work with regional and state agencies to coordinate opportunities for development of regional trails.
Strategy
Palmer will work to meet its needs creatively and mindful of the residents desire to keep a low tax rate. Palmer has been struggling financially for several years. The Palmer Town Counsel has made economic development its top priority in order to expand the tax base, improve the fiscal health of the community, and provide the financial resources which will allow the Town to address other needs. The Town Manager has undertaken the task of developing an economic development strategy for the community. Working in conjunction with the Town Planner and the Community Development Director the Town Manager has begun the process by conducting Economic and Community Development Forums in early 2006. The goal of the first meeting was to bring the key players together and introduce them to the
existing planning documents. During the 2nd meeting those in attendance identified projects, priorities, and time frames. The Economic & Community Development Committee (comprised of residents, business owners, and town employees) culled the project list and determined that the priority projects include: Marketing & Promotion – hire an economic development coordinator, creating commuter parking, installing banners, recruit cell towers, create an ad campaign for town, install signage & ads for tourist destinations; Special Projects - developing the Holbrook Site, rehabilitate Olmstead Park; Events - holding a village Olympic event, create a signature town event, create self guided walking tours, conduct a business expo; Infrastructure - beautifying the town, unify water districts, repair/replace broken sidewalks, expand rail capacity, make crossing Main St. easier; Government - improving community policing, create
railroad safety program, change downtown bylaws, conduct homeownership classes, moratorium on multi-family dwellings, pass CPA; Recreation - creating a Mountain Road Trail, Public Facilities - improve the senior center, police station, new DPW facility; and Development - encourage development of a hotel. Identified economic development projects can be consistent with the principles of redevelop first, concentrating development, restoring and enhancing the environment, fostering sustainable business, and plan regionally, through the adaptive re-use of existing buildings, promoting infill developments, Brownfield site clean up and reuse, creating parks, and sharing revenue. Palmer will work to improve the infrastructure of the community which supports economic development and housing. The Town will continue to seek funding to upgrade/expand sewer service, expand/upgrade water service, upgrade/expand sidewalks, expand/upgrade storm water collection, and upgrade existing local roads. The need for infrastructure improvements is cited in the EO418VS, PWDMP, Comm. Plan and CAS. Infrastructure improvement projects are consistent with the principle of redevelop first through the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. Palmer will work to improve its public facilities as identified in the EO418VS, Comm. Plan and the CAS. The Town will seek funding to improve neighborhood parks, will continue to pursue opportunities to acquire new facilities, and will continue to seek financing to preserve its historic buildings. Projects can be undertaken to address these needs which are consistent with the Principles of redeveloping first, restoring and enhancing the environment, and providing transportation choices through upgrading public parks, constructing/upgrading existing facilities, preserving
open space for passive recreation, and by creating bicycle and walking trails.
Palmer will work to preserve open space as identified in the EO418VS, Comm. Plan, and OSRP. The Town can adopt zoning by-laws to encourage protection of open space, can adopt the Community Preservation Act, and can continue to develop rail-trails within the community. Projects can be undertaken to address these needs which are consistent with the Commonwealth’s Sustainable Development Principles by concentrating development, restoring and enhancing the environment, providing transportation choices through the adoption of zoning by-laws, and developing parks and rail-trails. Palmer will work to improve its transportation infrastructure as cited in the Comm. Plan, the OSRP and CAS. The Town will continue to seek opportunities to create bike trails, to reintroduce Amtrak
service, to upgrade its roads and sidewalks, and to identify future park and ride lots. Projects can be designed to meet the transportation needs of the community which are consistent with the principles of redevelop first, restore and enhance the environment, and provide transportation choice through the rehabilitation of existing roads and sidewalks, creating passive recreation opportunities, and reducing the dependence on automobiles by providing increased pedestrian and bicycle access. Palmer will work to address its housing needs for all members of the community as identified in the Regional Housing Plan, the EO418VS, Comm. Plan, and CAS. The town can continue programs which provide tax relief to seniors, veterans, and low/moderate income owners, the town can continue to upgrade and expand infrastructure to support housing, the town can continue to offer a housing rehabilitation program, the
town can upgrade its public housing facilities, the town can adopt zoning by-laws to preserve open space, encourage development of affordable housing, by conduct a housing needs study. Projects can be undertaken to address these needs which are consistent with the Commonwealth’s Sustainable Development Principles, by redeveloping first, concentrating development, restore and enhance the environment, be fair, conserve resources, expand housing opportunities, and provide transportation choice through the rehabilitation of existing housing units, and housing facilities, by working with developers to convert vacant structures into affordable housing, by upgrading existing infrastructure, by adopting zoning by-laws which encourage development in areas where infrastructure exists, by adopting zoning by-laws which provide a set-aside for open space, and by working with developers to create housing within downtown areas which will contribute to
the revitalization of the town center and be walkable to transit. Palmer will work to ensure that programs are in place to provide for the social service needs of residents as identified by the Lower Pioneer Valley Prevention Group, and the CAS. The town can create programs to assist residents in the areas of transportation, home health care, domestic violence, adult education, youth programs, day care programs, mental health programs, and substance abuse programs. The Town can hire a social service coordinator and undertake studies to determine what services are available, what services are needed, and who can provide the needed services.
Prioritized List of Projects
v Palmer will continue to seek funding opportunities to undertake projects without affecting the tax rate.
v Palmer will plan for the restoration of the Olmstead-designed union Station Park as cited in the Comm. Plan and OSRP. This project will continue the revitalization of Depot Village, will attract new visitors and businesses, will spur economic development and will capitalize on Palmer’s railroad heritage. This project will be consistent with the principle of restore and enhance the environment by creating a passive recreational facility, by reducing neighborhood blight, and by significantly enhancing an existing neighborhood by restoring an historic landscape. Possible funding sources: municipal resources, Community
Preservation funds, CDBG
v Palmer will prepare Route 32 as an Economic Development Corridor as cited in the Comm. Plan. This area is being rapidly developed just over the border in Ware. Palmer must plan for future development in the corridor within the community. Palmer must determine future land use patterns, and establish appropriate land use controls that provide for appropriate uses, manage and mitigate potential impacts, and limit the area of development to those lands most suitable for this type of economic development. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will work with Mass Development to redevelop underutilized or vacant industrial sites as cited in the Comm. Plan. This Economic Development initiative will be consistent with the principles of redevelop first and restore and enhance the environment through the rehabilitation of existing buildings and the environmental remediation. Possible funding sources: municipal resources, Brownfield funds, CDBG
v Palmer will continue to support the QVCDC and QVBAC through representation on both boards of Directors, by seeking grant funding so that the organization can provide: (a)business development training programs, (b) one-on-one technical assistance to small and start-up businesses, (c) a revolving loan fund to provide capital to start-up and ongoing small and micro-enterprise businesses, (d) regional tourism development, and (e) job readiness training and workforce development programs, and by what other means are necessary to allow these organizations to continue to operate and serve the business community of Palmer and the region. To stimulate Economic Development. Possible funding sources: private and CDBG
v Palmer will seek funding to upgrade the substandard infrastructure (water mains) servicing, Foundry St., Thorndike, and Holbrook, and the systematic replacement of all 6” unlined water mains as identified in the PWDMP, and CAS. This project will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first through the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. Possible funding sources: Water use funds, CDBG funds
v Palmer will seek funding to upgrade internal town roads, including Fox Street, Bourne, Pleasant, Christine, Carter, Stimpson, Burlingame, and Main St. Thorn... These infrastructure improvements as cited in the CAS are not limited to the roads, but include the infrastructure beneath the road and the adjacent sidewalks. These projects will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first as they involve the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. Possible funding sources: CDBG, Chapter 90, municipal resources
v Palmer will seek funding to upgrade substandard sanitary sewer main, including those servicing Fox Street, Thorndike Bonds., Thorndike, Pal., Shearer as cited in the CAS. This infrastructure improvement project will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first as it involves the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. Possible funding sources: CDBG, sewer use fees
v Palmer will pursue the acquisition and development of the land adjacent to Forest Lake to create soccer and softball fields, hiking trails, swimming beach, and wildlife observation as cited in the EO418VS, Comm. Plan, and OSRP. The creation of this public facility will be consistent with the principle of restore and enhance the environment by creating and preserving open space and passive recreational facilities, by protecting sensitive land from development. Possible funding sources: Community Preservation, Urban Self Help, municipal resources
v Palmer will rehabilitate the public facility known as Memorial Hall, as cited in the EO418VS, and CAS. This historic building constructed in the late 1890’s is currently the Town’s Senior Center and lacks many modern conveniences necessary to operate as a service provider in the 21st century. The rehabilitation of this public facility will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first through the rehabilitation of an existing structure. Possible funding sources: CDBG, Community Preservation, Mass Historic
v Palmer will pursue establishing a connection with the Ware River Trail as cited in the EO418VS, Comm. Plan, OSRP, and CAS. The creation of this public facility will be consistent with the principle of providing transportation choice by reducing the dependence on automobiles by providing increased pedestrian and bicycle access. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will pursue establishing rail-trail extensions as cited in the EO418VS, Comm. Plan and OSRP, and CAS.. The creation of the public facility will be consistent with the principle of providing transportation choice by reducing the dependence on automobiles by providing increased pedestrian and bicycle access through the creation of links to the Norwottuck Rail Trail, and the Mass Central rail-trail. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will educate the residents about and provide the opportunity to enact the Community Preservation Act as cited in the Comm. Plan. The adoption of this Act will provide a funding source for open space, housing, and historic preservation. Projects can be funded through this Act which are consistent with the principles of redevelop first, concentrate development, restore and enhance the environment, be fair, and expand housing opportunities, by financing the creation of affordable housing through the rehabilitation of existing structures, by creating and preserving open space, by creating passive recreational facilities, and by
constructing new public housing facilities. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v The Palmer Planning Board will vote on the adoption of a Transfer of Development Rights Bylaw as cited in the Comm. Plan. This bylaw will steer development away from outlying natural resource areas and toward areas with existing infrastructure. Projects encouraged by this bylaw will be consistent with the principle of concentrating development by utilizing existing water and/or sewer infrastructure. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will seek stewardship and protection of the greenway along Kings Brook as cited in the Comm. Plan and OSRP. The preservation of this open space will protect an environmentally sensitive brook and watershed. The project will be consistent with the principle of restoring and enhancing the environment through the protection of open space. Possible funding sources: municipal resources, Community Preservation funds
v Palmer will seek funding to reconstruct the sidewalks on Chestnut St., as identified in the Comm. Plan. This transportation improvement will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first by rehabilitating existing infrastructure. Possible funding sources: CDBG, municipal resources
v Palmer will work with Amtrak officials to reintroduce passenger rail service in the community as identified in the Comm. Plan. This transportation improvement is consistent with the principle of provide transportation choice by reducing the dependence on private automobiles though the provision of previously unavailable shared transportation. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will prepare a study of present and future bike trails in Palmer, as cited in the Comm. Plan, and CAS. This transportation improvement project is consistent with provide transportation choice through the reduction in dependence on automobiles by providing increased bicycle access. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will develop a local program to install bike racks in the community as cited in the Comm. Plan. This transportation improvement project is consistent with provide transportation choice through the reduction in dependence on automobiles by providing increased bicycle access. Possible funding sources: PVPC, municipal resources
v The Palmer Planning Board will vote on the adoption of a By-Right Open Space Residential Subdivision Bylaw, as cited in the Comm. Plan. The by-law will provide a set-aside for open space and provide incentives for creating affordable housing, which can be consistent with the principles of concentrate development, restore and enhance the environment, be fair, expand housing opportunities. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v The Palmer Planning Board will vote on the adoption of an Affordable Housing Bylaw as cited in the Comm. Plan and CAS. This bylaw will ensure that a percentage of all new development includes affordable units which can be consistent with the principles of be fair, and expand housing opportunities. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will continue to offer a housing rehabilitation program to rehabilitate up to 5 substandard housing units per year as cited in the Regional Housing Plan, and the EO418VS, Comm. Plan, and CAS. This project will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first by rehabilitating existing structures. Possible funding sources: CDBG, Mass Housing, owner contributions
v Palmer will modernize public housing facilities as cited in the Regional Housing Plan. Items specifically identified as needs include modern security at the facility. This project will be consistent with the principle of redevelop first. Possible funding sources: CDBG
v Palmer will explore opportunities to create co-housing projects as cited in the Comm. Plan. These projects provide residential units with some shared facilities such as dining or recreational facilities and have cooperative management. Projects will be consistent with the principle of concentrate development by allowing a higher density and producing multi-family housing. Possible funding sources: municipal resources
v Palmer will fund the Senior Volunteer Coordinator Program, Domestic Violence Task Force and Financial Literacy as cited in the needs assessment prepared by the Lower Pioneer Valley Prevention Group and CAS to address some of the social service needs of the low to moderate income population. Possible funding sources: EOEA Formula Grant, CDBG.
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